Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with calculating the likelihood of a given event’s occurrence, which is expressed as a number between 1 and 0. (Source: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci549076,00.html)
See also:
Formalism, Stochastic MusicBibliography: Zaripov, Rudolf Chafizovic (1985 (seconda edizione)). Musica con il calcolatore. Le regole matematiche della composizione
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